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解惑“yalingach xax jalap sikix www 89”-知识课堂

看“大国重器”如yalingach xax jalap sikix www 89何加持南水北调 记者探访“穿黄工程”

来源: 中国教育报
2024-12-12 11:05:46

最佳回答

“yalingach xax jalap sikix www 89”看“大国重器”如yalingach xax jalap sikix www 89何加持南水北调 记者探访“穿黄工程”

  看“yalingach xax jalap sikix www 89大国重器”如何加持南水北调yalingach xax jalap sikix www 89 记者探访“穿黄工程”

  我们看到在yalingach xax jalap sikix www 89多个“大国重器”的帮助下,南水一路奔腾北上,而在这一路众多的“大国重器”中,“穿黄工程”是南水北调中线一期工程中,投资最大、难度最高的工程,那么,“穿黄工程”到底难在哪儿?南水又是如何穿越黄河的?我们一起去探访这项大国重器。

  “穿黄工程”是典型的地下穿隧洞方案,为什么“穿黄工程”不选择河上架渡槽方案呢?当年黄河中下游分界处的桃花峪水库还未开发,在黄河上面架设渡槽,会影响到桃花峪水库将来确定水位高低的问题。而且,在黄河上需要每隔50米就架设一个1600吨至2200吨的渡槽,研发和设备制造的周期,会影响到整个南水北调工程进度。虽然两相对比,隧洞方案更具性价比,但是也并非一路通顺。黄河是游荡性河流,冲淤变化较大。

  中国南水北调集团中线有限公司河南分公司原副总经理 原穿黄建管部总工程师 王江涛:通过加大隧洞的埋深,设计情况下河床最大冲刷深度为20m,穿黄隧洞最小埋深为河床下23m。

  相比单条隧洞,“穿黄工程”的双条隧洞检修方便,输水效率高。每条隧洞并不是单层的管道,而是像夹心饼干一样,内外两层饼干分别是内外钢筋混凝土管片,中间夹心则是土工布。外层管片可以抵御黄河河底的砂土,内层管片可以承受南水的压力,而中间的土工布则可以吸收并排出内外层管片渗透出的水分。

  原国务院南水北调办总工程师 南水北调工程专家委员会副主任 中国南水北调集团科技委顾问 汪易森:这个结构具有一定刚度的柔性,地震波袭来的时候本身也可以适应(地震带来)的变形。

  就这样,“穿黄工程”就像“咽喉”一样,每天都在吞吐着南水,最高流量可达到每秒320立方米。倒虹吸,正是“穿黄工程”吞吐南水的科技密码。黄河上游南岸的水位线高于下游北岸。

  中国南水北调集团中线有限公司总调度中心副主任 李景刚:从上游通过这(水)的压强比下游的压强大,通过这个压强这个差,最终实现这个进口的水流过来以后,从出口就自动就流出去了。

  (总台央视记者 梁丽娟 张琪 陈博 薛建启 )

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