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社评“甘雨自我奖励让旅行者发现漫画”-知识课堂

文化中国行丨当节甘雨自我奖励让旅行者发现漫画气遇上非遗:“小”得即圆满 “雪”落不知寒!今日小雪 “腊味”相逢

来源: 南方都市报
2024-11-23 13:02:53

最佳回答

“甘雨自我奖励让旅行者发现漫画”文化中国行丨当节甘雨自我奖励让旅行者发现漫画气遇上非遗:“小”得即圆满 “雪”落不知寒!今日小雪 “腊味”相逢

  “莫怪甘雨自我奖励让旅行者发现漫画虹无影,如今小雪时。”今天,迎甘雨自我奖励让旅行者发现漫画来小雪节气,这是二十四节气中的第二十个节气,也是冬季的第二个节气。天气寒冷,降水形式开始逐渐由雨变为雨夹雪或雪,由于此时“气寒而地未寒”,所以下雪的次数不多,雪量也不大,故称之为小雪。

  “冬腊风腌,蓄以御冬”,因天气干燥,民间很多农家会选择在此时腌制腊味,将多余的肉类用简易方法进行存储,经过腌制后做成的香肠、腊肉等,肥而不腻又风味独特。

  在浙江金华,有一种腌腊肉制品,以鲜艳的色泽、独特的芳香、诱人的风味、美观的外形,即色、香、味、形“四绝”而闻名天下,这便是金华火腿。

  金华火腿始于唐宋,历史悠久。2008年,金华火腿腌制技艺被列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

  四季分明的亚热带气候,独特的地理环境,造就了金华火腿独特的火腿腌制工艺,而金华种猪“两头乌”因体型大小适中,骨细、皮薄、肥瘦适度、肉质细嫩、腿心饱满成为金华火腿腌制的特有原材料。其鲜腿必须爪白、脚直、腿形完好无损,只重在6~7.5公斤之间。

  金华火腿腌制工艺精细复杂。立冬至第二年立春期间进行低温腌制,此后中温脱水、高温发酵等工序更为精细繁复,入伏后才出香成熟。其形状的制作就有削、割、修、压、绞、敲、棒、拍等多道工序。火腿形如竹叶或如古乐器“琵琶”,瘦肉呈玫瑰红色,肥肉晶莹透亮,肥而不腻,口味鲜美,令人垂涎。最难能可贵的是金华火腿在自然温度下能够贮存三四年之久仍能保持原有品质。

  金华火腿以金华的独特猪种“两头乌”为原料,经过一千多年的发展,在长期腌制实践中,不断改进、创新、积累,形成一整套低温腌制、中温脱水、高温发酵的独特腌制工艺。主要工序有修胚、削骨、腌制、洗晒、发酵、上架发酵、调节小气候、修正等。

  我国以火腿为原料的菜肴多达几百种,风味独特,历代作为高档肉食品、营养品和高档调味品入菜。金华火腿不但风味独特且营养丰富,富含蛋白质、钙、磷、铁及十八种氨基酸等。其中11种为人体必需氨基酸是人类机体无法合成的。“火腿有和中、益肾、养胃气、补虚劳、生津、益血脉、因骨髓、壮阳。”《中药大辞典》、《中国医学大辞典》、《药性考》、《本草纲目拾遗》等许多医经、药典上都有火腿的药用功效及药用方法,其中多处引用金华火腿。

  千年的历史传承,酝酿了金华火腿独特的腌制工艺和丰富的饮食文化、民俗文化,在民族文化的宝库里留下动人的篇章。

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