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社评“人马畜”-环球时报

圆明园文源阁遗人马畜址考古发掘完成 计划对公众开放

来源: 云南日报
2024-12-07 07:21:56

最佳回答

“人马畜”圆明园文源阁遗人马畜址考古发掘完成 计划对公众开放

  中新人马畜社北京12月6日电 (记者人马畜 徐婧)今年8月以来,北京圆明园文源阁遗址开展了考古发掘工作。记者6日从北京市文物局获悉,考古发掘揭露出文源阁完备的防火防洪设施,这处遗址计划按程序进一步整治后对游客开放。

  文源阁遗址位于圆明园内,雍正时为四达亭,乾隆四十年(1775年)改建成文源阁,是一处以皇家藏书楼为主体的园林景观,主要用于收藏《四库全书》等。1860年,英法联军焚掠圆明园,文源阁和藏书惨遭损毁,仅部分藏书留存于世。

  当时,在这处皇家园林内的独立院落,四周围墙把它与外围环境隔开,使其自成一体。院内风景独秀,规划井然,园外河道环绕,一派江南水乡景象。经考古发掘,文源阁遗址保存相对较好,整体布局与乾隆四十四年、光绪二十四年“样式雷”图档基本相符,说明其建成后格局未经改变。

今年8月以来,圆明园文源阁遗址开展了考古发掘工作,发掘出完备的防火防洪设施。图为考古发掘出的蹬道。王紫儒 摄

  北京市考古研究院副研究馆员张利芳介绍,此次发掘出宫门、碑亭、月台、趣亭、北院门等建筑基址以及四周围墙、石板道路、蹬道、供排水涵洞、“玲峰”基础等附属遗存。出土铜、铁、瓷、陶、琉璃等质地文物,包括瓷器、陶器、陶质建筑构件、琉璃质建筑构件等。

  因是藏书性质的建筑,文源阁设计和建造了完备的防火防洪设施,也是目前圆明园考古所见对建筑基础处理最严格的一处。北京市考古研究院副院长张中华说,考古发现了大量黑釉琉璃瓦。在中国古代,五行黑色属水,是人们对防范火灾的“精神寄托”。

图为北京圆明园文源阁遗址考古发掘出的琉璃瓦。中新社记者 熊然 摄

  院内挖出一大一小两处水池。在北墙内外设置了一条供水涵洞,并在东墙和南墙内外设置了一条和三条排水涵洞,连接院外河道和院内水池。整个遗址地势院内高、院外低,南墙下设置有沟门,院内地表水可顺势排入宫门前河道。这些设施既能储水用于灭火,又能在水量大的时候顺利排水。

  张中华说,文源阁遗址的考古发现彰显了古人精益求精、一丝不苟的匠心精神,代表中国古代园林建造的最高水平,体现中国自古以来对文教传承的重视。未来开放后,公众有望亲临遗址,聆听皇家藏书背后的故事,一睹古人高超的建造工艺。(完)

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