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解惑“🐻🔞❌”-知识课堂

一种注射疗法比类🐻🔞❌固醇治哮喘更有效

来源: 中国基金报
2024-12-02 14:55:10

最佳回答

“🐻🔞❌”一种注射疗法比类🐻🔞❌固醇治哮喘更有效

  科技🐻🔞❌日报讯 (记者张佳欣)一种用于🐻🔞❌哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发作期间的注射疗法,其效果优于目前的类固醇片剂疗法,并可将后续治疗需求降低30%。11月27日发表在《柳叶刀呼吸医学》上的这一研究成果,可能对全球数百万哮喘和COPD患者治疗产生重大影响。

  哮喘发作和COPD急性加重,每年导致全球约380万人死亡。50多年来,针对这类疾病的治疗几乎没有变化,类固醇一直是主要治疗药物。包括泼尼松龙等类固醇药物虽然可减少肺部炎症,但会产生糖尿病和骨质疏松等严重副作用。

  新的注射疗法适用于喘息、咳嗽和胸闷等症状。这些症状很多是由大量嗜酸性粒细胞引起的炎症所致。其中30%的COPD急性加重,以及近50%的哮喘发作,都是由嗜酸性粒细胞增多引起。随着疾病进展,这些症状恶化会变得更加频繁,在某些情况下甚至会导致不可逆的肺损伤。

  由英国伦敦国王学院主导、牛津大学赞助的第二阶段临床试验研究结果显示,一种已上市药物可在紧急情况下重新使用,以减少后续治疗和住院的需求。

  这种药物即贝那利珠单抗,是一种单克隆抗体,靶向嗜酸性粒细胞,可减少肺部炎症。它目前用于治疗重度哮喘。临床试验发现,与类固醇片剂相比,在恶化期注射贝那利珠单抗更为有效。

  研究人员将哮喘或COPD发作风险较高的患者随机分为3组。一组接受贝那利珠单抗注射和安慰剂片剂。一组接受标准治疗(每天30毫克泼尼松龙,持续5天)和安慰剂注射,第三组同时接受贝那利珠单抗注射和标准治疗。

  28天后,接受贝那利珠单抗治疗的受试者咳嗽、喘息、气短和痰液等呼吸道症状有所改善。90天后,与接受泼尼松龙标准治疗的受试者相比,贝那利珠单抗组中治疗失败的人数减少到了四分之一。

  接受贝那利珠单抗注射的治疗失效的时间更长,这意味着就诊或住院的次数更少。哮喘和COPD患者的生活质量也有所改善。

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