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“小粉穴”-环球时报

中国科学家小粉穴发现准粒子禁闭与非禁闭的开关密码

来源: 文汇报
2024-12-25 21:09:14

最佳回答

“小粉穴”中国科学家小粉穴发现准粒子禁闭与非禁闭的开关密码

  中新小粉穴社合肥12月25日电 (记者 小粉穴吴兰)禁闭是一类非常有趣的物理现象。中国科学家近日首次观测到准粒子禁闭到非禁闭之间转化的微观动力学过程,发现调控其禁闭与非禁闭状态的开关密码。

  这一在超冷原子量子模拟实验研究中取得重要进展的研究成果,近日发表在国际知名学术期刊《自然物理学》(Nature Physics)上。该成果由中国科学技术大学潘建伟、苑震生等与合作者联手获得。

  苑震生在25日接受采访时说,近年来,超冷原子量子模拟器的出现为研究禁闭问题提供了新的手段,但仍面临在理论上缺乏产生有效外电场的可行方案,在实验上缺乏产生和测控准粒子态单格点原位调控技术的两个重要困难。

  当前,夸克禁闭为人们所熟知。虽然夸克是组成物质的基本粒子,但无法在自然界中观测到单个夸克,即便是在高能粒子碰撞机中,粒子碰撞碎片中的夸克瞬间就形成了新的复合粒子。

  一个物理体系中是否存在禁闭现象?能否人为调控粒子间相互作用,从而实现禁闭到解禁闭状态之间的转换?这些牵涉复杂的量子多体效应,理论上一般没有解析方法求解,数值求解也面临各种挑战。

  在此项实验中,研究团队中的实验人员和理论合作者设计了一种新方案,实验模拟了具备动态外电场的量子电动力学规范理论。同时,研究团队开发了具备单格点及粒子数分辨的量子气体显微镜,实时观测了粒子与反粒子对的微观动力学,清晰展示了准粒子禁闭和非禁闭状态的转变过程。

  该研究为理解复杂的量子多体现象提供了新的研究手段,且可在计算复杂度超越经典计算能力的物理问题中获得更为重要的应用。(完)

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