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“最残酷的性拳头交”-环球时报

孩子发烧是否需要最残酷的性拳头交立即就医?支原体肺炎何时需要做纤维支气管镜检查?| 科普时间

来源: 和讯网
2024-12-19 01:07:20

最佳回答

“最残酷的性拳头交”孩子发烧是否需要最残酷的性拳头交立即就医?支原体肺炎何时需要做纤维支气管镜检查?| 科普时间

  Q 孩子最残酷的性拳头交呼吸系统感染往往伴随发热,家长最残酷的性拳头交如何科学应对?

  呼吸系统感染伴发热是儿童期最常见的体征。

  家长要先判断是否需要就医:

  小婴儿(3个月以内)出现发热,需及时就医。

  所有年龄的儿童发热持续3天以上,或出现呼吸增快、喘息、咳嗽等症状,影响饮食、睡眠等,需及时就医。

  在家观察与处理:

  病毒性感染或支原体感染早期容易出现高热,孩子如果没有其他全身症状,精神状态良好,服用退热药后体温能降下来,哪怕过段时间体温再次上升,也可以先应用对症药物,在家密切观察。

  如果发热持续时间过长,或出现精神、呼吸改变等症状,需及时就医。

  Q 孩子咳嗽时间较长,血常规检查却正常,该怎么办?不干预会转变成慢性咳嗽吗?

  儿童咳嗽超过4周或者出现反复发热、喘息等症状,应及时就医。临床上,儿童咳嗽超过4周称为慢性咳嗽。

  引起慢性咳嗽的原因很多,常见原因有咳嗽变异性哮喘、上气道咳嗽综合征、嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎、胃食管反流等。这些疾病都有相应的临床诊断标准,血常规检查很难区分,需要医生根据临床表现、查体情况、过敏原检查、肺功能等综合考虑。

  Q 孩子患了支原体肺炎,在什么情况下需要做纤维支气管镜?

  医生主要从以下几方面判断。

  1.病变的范围和程度。

  如果CT 或胸片显示,孩子的一侧或大部分肺叶出现气道明显堵塞,需要尽早做纤维支气管镜“疏通”,有利于病情恢复。

  2.病情的严重程度。

  重症支原体肺炎容易在儿童体内产生强烈的免疫反应,如果气道局部炎症反应强烈,可能对气道壁造成不可逆损伤,导致闭塞性支气管炎、肺不张等,建议尽早做纤维支气管镜。

  总之,是否需要做纤维支气管镜,需要医生根据病情具体判断,家长要遵医嘱执行。

  作者:首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院呼吸中心主任医师 秦强

  审核:国家健康科普专家库成员、首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院重症医学科主任 王荃

  策划:张灿灿 王宁

  (健康中国微信公众号)

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