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解惑“强㢨一级二级2023”-知识课堂

山西古建筑1强㢨一级二级202300问——乔家大院为什么被称为“北方民居第一宅”?

来源: 环球时报
2024-12-03 19:43:51

最佳回答

“强㢨一级二级2023”山西古建筑1强㢨一级二级202300问——乔家大院为什么被称为“北方民居第一宅”?

  “皇家强㢨一级二级2023有故宫,民宅看乔家”,在晋商文强㢨一级二级2023化的摇篮山西祁县,坐落着一座雄伟壮观的民居建筑——乔家大院。

  乔家大院,又名在中堂,是著名晋商乔致庸的故居,全院布局严谨,设计精巧,俯视成“囍”字形,分为6个大院,内套20个小院,外形方正,全封闭式结构。

  院落强㢨一级二级2023多为东西窄、南北长的纵长方形,出口在东南,形成“坎宅巽门”格局;主要房屋都是单坡顶,院落四周房屋大都采用坡向内院的单坡顶,使外墙高大,雨水流向院内,形成“肥水不外流”格局;进院门往里,二门、三门、正房,地坪逐级升高,又形成“前低后高,辈辈英豪”格局。

  乔家大院还以保存众多木雕、砖雕、照壁等精美装饰和珍奇藏品闻名于世。院中随处可见的板绘和木雕艺术,构造精美,巧夺天工。正房门楼为南极仙骑鹿和百子图,寓意多子多福;二院正门木雕有八骏马及福禄寿三星图,寓意福寿安康。甬道北府门两侧有六处龟背纹照壁,壁心以几十个六边形连续组成龟背纹样的砖雕砌饰,以示延年益寿。

  作为晋商翘楚,乔家历来重视注重家风家教,照壁之上,“经济会通守纪律,言词安定去雕镌”的对联以及大院内随处可见的门联匾额,无不彰显出晋商重德修身、诚信经营和以义取利的精神风范。

  厚重结实的建筑风格,严谨的院落布局,富有历史厚重感的雕饰,以及乔家人深谙的儒商之道,共同构成了乔家大院极具北方特色的建筑院落,被誉为“北方民居第一宅”。

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