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解惑“14may18XXXXXL黑人”-译文小记

专家:流感季患14may18XXXXXL黑人者、流感样病例应尽早服药助力阻断集体机构播散

来源: 河北日报
2025-01-07 07:08:39

最佳回答

“14may18XXXXXL黑人”专家:流感季患14may18XXXXXL黑人者、流感样病例应尽早服药助力阻断集体机构播散

  中新14may18XXXXXL黑人网上海1月6日电 (记者 陈14may18XXXXXL黑人静)上海儿童医院消化感染科主任张婷6日对记者表示,儿童是感染流感病毒的高危人群。在高流行季节,儿童感染率可高达50%左右,5岁-9岁年龄段的儿童感染率最高。流感样症状者应尽早服抗流感药物以避免病毒进一步传播。

张婷为患者开方。(刘志红摄)

  根据中国疾病预防控制中心发布的《全国急性呼吸道传染病哨点监测情况(2024年第49周)》,2024年12月上旬,急性呼吸道传染病呈现持续上升趋势,其中流感病毒阳性率近期上升趋势明显,流感病毒门急诊流感样病例占比10.8%,远超其他病原体。无论在南方省份,还是北方省份,流感病毒在2024年第49周都超过了鼻病毒和肺炎支原体,成为门急诊流感样病例排名首位的病原体。

  据介绍,儿童自身呼吸道较成人发育没那么健全,自身免疫系统处于发育状态,容易受到流感等呼吸道病毒的侵袭并出现症状。流感病毒引起的喉炎、气管炎、支气管炎、毛细支气管炎、肺炎及胃肠道症状较成人更常见。儿童患流感后更容易发生严重并发症,若未能及时诊断与治疗,甚至可能导致儿童死亡及严重后遗症。

  流感传染性极强,如何阻断病毒传播需引起关注。张婷指出,流感患者早期停止病毒排毒,除了个人治疗获益,为患者家人提供有效的保护屏障,对控制学校、家庭等集体机构播散更有意义。

  如何预防流感?除了保持良好卫生习惯、及时接种疫苗有助于减少流感病毒感染发生风险。张婷表示,流感也可以借助玛巴洛沙韦等药品预防。“流感的治疗我们不单纯依赖于实验室检测。”张婷坦言,“患者核酸检测阳性肯定要用药,核酸检测阴性时,医生要根据自己的判断,如果是流感样病例,或有家庭内集聚发病等状况,我们就要下处方开流感治疗的药物,这样对疾病的控制更加有利。”

  何为流感样病例?张婷解释,流感季时,民众出现发热(超过38℃)、伴咳嗽或咽痛之一者,排除其他已知原因引起的发热症状等,即为流感样病例。南方地区的流感季就是每年的11月份到次年的3月份;另外上海地区在7月、8月份还有一个小高峰。冬季高峰时节,如果出现发热,孩子有咳嗽、咽痛、流涕、腹痛等症状的时候,医生就要想到是否为流感。

  在采访中,记者了解到,流感具有普遍易感性,不存在“今年得了流感明年就肯定不得”的情况。民众可能每年都会得流感。因此,流感疫苗应该每年都打,包括医务人员在内的易感人群,在流感季到来之前建议接种流感疫苗。疫苗虽然不能实现完全保护,但可以减少民众罹患流感或转重症风险。(完)

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