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社评“女主女m蓝松丨VK”-知识课堂

流感进入流行期,女主女m蓝松丨VK现在打疫苗还来得及吗?

来源: 证券时报
2025-01-09 21:28:08

最佳回答

“女主女m蓝松丨VK”流感进入流行期,女主女m蓝松丨VK现在打疫苗还来得及吗?

  目前女主女m蓝松丨VK,流感总体处于季节性流女主女m蓝松丨VK行期,且流感病毒阳性率呈现上升趋势。接种流感疫苗是预防流感最直接有效的手段。如何科学接种流感疫苗?哪类人群更需要接种?记者采访了中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科副主任医师王一民。

  “要把握好接种流感疫苗的时间。”王一民说,流感高发期一般在冬春季节,也就是11月到来年3月。考虑到疫苗接种到人体后,一般需要2周到4周时间才能产生保护作用,最好在流感季开始之前(每年9月到11月之间)接种流感疫苗。

  现在已经进入流感高发期,打疫苗还来得及吗?王一民表示,如果错过了最佳接种时间,在流感季中及时接种也可以起到保护效果。疫苗接种后一段时间才能起作用,这期间要做好个人防护,比如科学佩戴口罩、保持手部卫生等。流感病毒具有高度变异性,每年流行的毒株可能有所不同,疫苗的保护力也会随着时间推移而逐渐减弱。因此,为了获得持续的保护,每年接种流感疫苗是非常必要的。

  “关于流感疫苗的接种存在很多误区,比如一些人认为今年接种了疫苗但依然感冒了,因此认为疫苗无用,明年不再接种。”王一民认为,这种观点是错误的。一方面,出现感冒症状不一定是流感病毒导致,可能是支原体、鼻病毒等,流感疫苗对这类病原体不产生抵抗效果。另一方面,接种流感疫苗虽然可以显著降低感染流感的风险,但不能100%预防感染;即使感染,也能降低出现重症和并发症的可能性。

  流感脆弱人群更应该及时接种疫苗。王一民说,“一老一小”、孕妇、慢病患者、易感职业人群属于流感脆弱人群。65岁以上的老年人,由于身体机能退化、免疫力下降,容易感染流感病毒;儿童身体处于发育阶段,免疫系统还不够完善,加之经常处于教室等人员密集场所,感染流感风险高;孕妇感染流感病毒后,重症流感风险很大,也会加重胎儿流产风险;慢阻肺病、支气管哮喘、心衰、糖尿病等慢病患者感染流感后,可能加重基础病,发展为重症;易感职业人群,如在医院、学校、托育机构工作的人员,接触流感病毒的可能性更高,更容易感染流感病毒,还可能造成聚集性发病。

  哪些人不能接种流感疫苗?王一民说,对于疫苗成分有过敏者,或曾经在接种疫苗后出现严重过敏者,不推荐接种流感疫苗。如果正在发热或者慢性疾病近期加重,建议把病情控制稳定后再接种。在接种疫苗前,最好经过接种点的医生评估。(本报记者  申少铁)

  《 人民日报 》( 2025年01月09日 14 版)

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