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解惑“Welcome back. It's good to see you. Click below to log in to the rewards program at your property.”-梳理天下新闻

世界高海拔Welcome back. It's good to see you. Click below to log in to the rewards program at your property.第一长隧道通车10周年:“登天的梯”成通途

来源: 金灿荣教授
2024-12-29 16:30:52

最佳回答

“Welcome back. It's good to see you. Click below to log in to the rewards program at your property.”世界高海拔Welcome back. It's good to see you. Click below to log in to the rewards program at your property.第一长隧道通车10周年:“登天的梯”成通途

  中新Welcome back. It's good to see you. Click below to log in to the rewards program at your property.社西宁12月28日电 Welcome back. It's good to see you. Click below to log in to the rewards program at your property.题:世界高海拔第一长隧道通车10周年:“登天的梯”成通途

  作者 李隽 袁昌玲

  今年12月28日是世界高海拔第一长隧道——新关角隧道通车10周年。

  家住青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州乌兰县的52岁枸杞种植户熊东亮,再次坐上火车去西宁市送货。每月他都要坐火车往返西宁和乌兰间十余次,关角是必经之地。

  “关角”藏语意为“登天的梯”,因所处位置和地质结构复杂,关角隧道建设时期难度奇高,被称为隧道建设史上的地质博物馆。

  新关角隧道位于青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州境内,平均海拔3600米,是青藏铁路的“咽喉要道”,也是世界高海拔第一长隧道。

12月26日,列车通过新关角隧道。 (青藏集团公司供图)

  “那时候,火车进入老关角隧道就开始转圈圈,火车声音特别大,隧道里的风灌进车厢,人再多也不暖和,到站后,鼻子都是黑乎乎的。”熊东亮回忆儿时跟随父母坐火车的情景说,“现在过新关角隧道就一会儿,车内干净暖和。每年七八月,车上的外地游客也越来越多。”

  熊东亮口中的青藏铁路老关角隧道全长4.01千米,于1982年通车,当时火车经过“灯泡形”的关角山展线盘山而行,需要两个小时才能穿过,严重制约了青藏铁路运输能力。

  2014年12月28日,历时7年,新关角隧道建成通车,其全长32.69千米,列车翻越关角山的时间由原来的两个多小时缩短为现在的20分钟。

  年近古稀的张生林曾是参与修建老关角隧道的铁道兵,退休前他是隧道的一名线路工。

  “那时,铁道兵施工设备简陋,基本是人力施工。”张生林说,他与战友们经过多年苦战,终于打通隧道,但50多条年轻的生命长眠于此。

  “32.69千米的新关角隧道只用了7年时间建成,而4.01公里的老关角隧道却用了25年。”他说:“以前火车在隧道里时速只有一二十千米,现在复兴号动车组时速160千米,简直是翻天覆地。”

  吴瑞青退休前是老关角隧道的最后一任桥隧养护工长,也是新关角隧道的第一任桥隧养护工长。

  “由于隧道内洞常年渗水,冬天打冰是常态化工作,夏天还要整治翻浆冒泥。早上九点多进入隧道,下午五点多才出来,隧道里没有照明设施,又没有排风扇,又黑又呛。”吴瑞青回忆说。

  由于特殊地质问题,排水、堵水是关角隧道工程的两大难点。在新关角隧道的建设中,建设者们经过长期蹲守、反复试验,确立了合理的水泵、管道、泵站等配套方案,确保隧道内水位下降,根据不同地段的水文地质情况以及涌水特征,研究采用了相应的注浆堵水工艺工法和材料,既节约了成本,又解决了问题。

  青藏集团公司格尔木工程建设指挥部工程管理部工程师巨邦强是新关角隧道的建设者之一,他介绍,关角隧道运营通风及防灾救援工程,是在借鉴吸收发达国家特长隧道的经验后进行了自主创新,建成后处于世界领先地位。

  如今,老关角隧道作为展线被新关角隧道取代。今年4月,国际隧道与地下空间协会(ITA)在世界隧道大会上发布全球隧道与地下工程领域50项标志性工程,青藏铁路新关角隧道位列其中。(完)

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