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社评“大但47147”-环球时报

揭秘中国首型4米大但47147级运载火箭“诞生史”

来源: 江苏工报
2024-12-01 14:37:09

最佳回答

“大但47147”揭秘中国首型4米大但47147级运载火箭“诞生史”

  中新大但47147社上海12月1日电 题大但47147:揭秘中国首型4米级运载火箭“诞生史”

  中新社记者 郑莹莹

  北京时间11月30日22时25分,作为中国首型4米级运载火箭,长征十二号运载火箭在海南商业航天发射场成功发射。首飞的背后是其近5年的“破茧成蝶”历程。

  为何造?4米级构型崭露头角

  长征十二号运载火箭于2020年立项,其近5年的研制攻关历程记录了中国新一代运载火箭的创大但47147新之路。

  面向商业航天的发展势头,中国航天科技集团八院(简称:八院)研制团队一直在探寻高性价比的新一代运载火箭,并根据运载火箭演进规律提出了新的评估指标——面推比。

  面推比即火箭起飞推力与箭体等效截面积的比值。高面推比意味着火箭具有更好的提速性能,可以尽早“甩开”稠密的大气层,减少空气摩擦力损耗,在相同燃料下具备更高的运载能力。

  有了方向后,研制团队开始论证在单芯级构想的基础上,箭体直径与发动机数量的最佳适配方案。

  单芯级箭体最大可以做到多大?这成为研制之初的难题之一。八院研制团队通过多次走访和调研,与中国航天科技集团六院一起反复论证,最终选定箭体直径3.8米、安装四台发动机的布局设计,面推比由常规的约270千牛/平方米大幅提高到约440千牛/平方米。

  怎么造?新技术应运而生

  项目立项后,研制团队再一次深入思考,究竟需要打造一款怎样的新火箭?

  通过分析世界运载火箭技术发展趋势,研制团队确定了目标:打造一款跨代发展的新型运载火箭。

  经过各项论证,研究团队确立了铝锂合金制造技术、与液氧相容冷氦增压技术、智能飞行技术和牵制释放技术等20余项新技术、新工艺和新方法。

  研制团队还先后完成最长箭体铁路运输试验、5.2米卫星整流罩状态设计等关键步骤,最终推动中国单芯级液体火箭运载能力和大整流罩包络迈上一个新台阶,进一步完善了中国新一代运载火箭的型谱,为未来中国加快发展重复使用运载火箭奠定了基础。(完)

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