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“华裔2O22GAy:Com”-译文小记

两千年前的汉塞华裔2O22GAy:Com官吏“工资条”:薪酬无“秘密”且以粮抵俸

来源: 河北日报
2024-12-12 17:22:16

最佳回答

“华裔2O22GAy:Com”两千年前的汉塞华裔2O22GAy:Com官吏“工资条”:薪酬无“秘密”且以粮抵俸

  中新华裔2O22GAy:Com网兰州12月12日电 (华裔2O22GAy:Com记者 冯志军 高莹)对于当代上班族而言,工资条属于个人的“私密信息”,但在两千年前却属于公开的“秘密”。现藏于甘肃简牍博物馆的中国国宝级文物汉代木简《建武三年居延都尉吏奉例》,不仅记录了汉代边塞官吏月薪详情,还反映出两汉之交特殊环境下的“以粮抵俸”。

  “建武三年四月丁巳朔辛巳,领河西五郡大将军张掖属国都尉融移张掖居延都尉,今为都尉以下奉各如差,司马千人候仓长丞塞尉职闲,都尉以便宜财予,从史田吏如律令……”出土于内蒙古额济纳旗甲渠候官遗址的《建武三年居延都尉吏奉例》由10枚简组成,每简长22.8厘米,前两简宽2.5厘米、其余8简宽1.4厘米,全文200字。

图为国宝级文物《建武三年居延都尉吏奉例》。(资料图)甘肃省文物局供图

  “该简为东汉建武三年(公元27年)窦融统治河西期间留下的一份完整的财政文书。”甘肃简牍博物馆陈列展览部主任、副研究馆员韩华近日接受中新社、中新网记者专访时介绍说,第一简为建武三年四月辛巳领河西五郡大将军张掖属国都尉窦融为居延都尉所属官吏制定的“奉谷令”,第二简为守张掖居延都尉旷和丞崇于六月十七日下发的文件。

  不仅如上所述,仅有200字的《建武三年居延都尉吏奉例》,还用8简规定了居延都尉、丞和居延县令、丞、尉每月的“奉谷”数量,同时对城司马、千人、候、仓长、丞、塞尉等各级吏员的“月奉”,规定可根据仓储和财力情况具体对待。

  韩华说,窦融时期“奉谷令”的出土为研究两汉交替之际河西边塞的财政状况,以及官吏的薪俸发放情况提供了第一手资料。该简文是关于居延都尉府吏员奉谷标准的通知,由领河西五郡大将军张掖属国都尉窦融幕府下发,简言“如律令”可知其指令具有法律效力。

图为《建武三年居延都尉吏奉例》简牍释文。甘肃简牍博物馆供图

  据介绍,汉承秦制,以粮食重量代表秩级,汉廷中央三公称万石,九卿官秩中二千石。地方上郡守秩二千石,郡守下有丞和长史,秩六百石。郡下又设郡尉、“副佐太守”,掌管武备。汉景帝时改为都尉,秩比二千石,有都尉丞,秩六百石。在边地郡县,都尉设置常不止一个,比如张掖郡就有郡都尉,也有张掖居延都尉、肩水都尉等。

  韩华分析称,根据简文可以看到,秩比二千石的居延都尉月奉谷仅为六十石,史书有“十斗一斛”及“十斗一石”的记载,此六十石即是六十斛,相比于史书记载中比二千石每月百斛的俸例要少,而其余官吏的俸禄也相应要少,这可能也跟两汉之交战乱频发的社会环境有重要关系。

  相较于当下发放工资的实物货币,该木简记载为何要以粮食相抵?韩华表示,这并非是一种常态的发薪方式,只是彼时在两汉之交相对动荡的特殊时期的“应时之举”,当然也从侧面反映了当时甘肃河西走廊的主要粮食作物是以小米、粟米等为主,从而较好保障了各级官吏的俸禄发放。(完)

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