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“17c吃瓜”-环球时报

黑猩猩使用工具17c吃瓜效率如何?跨25年近4000段视频分析称有高有低

来源: 中国质量报
2024-12-24 16:59:23

最佳回答

“17c吃瓜”黑猩猩使用工具17c吃瓜效率如何?跨25年近4000段视频分析称有高有低

  中新17c吃瓜网北京12月24日电 (记者17c吃瓜 孙自法)施普林格自然旗下专业学术期刊《自然—人类行为》最新发表一篇演化研究论文,研究人员基于对25年里近4000段几内亚波叟野生黑猩猩敲坚果视频的分析发现,有些黑猩猩使用工具敲碎坚果的效率比其他的黑猩猩更高。

一只成年雌性黑猩猩在用石锤和砧板敲击油棕果。(图片来自:Tetsuro Matsuzawa)

  该论文介绍,用石头砸碎坚果是黑猩猩使用工具的一种方式,能更高效地用石头敲碎坚果有直接的演化好处,因为个体能以较少的能量消耗吃到更多食物。虽然有证据表明,有些物种不同个体之间的工具使用存在差异,例如食蟹猕猴开牡蛎,但这项研究依据的是短时间内收集的数据,可能无法反映持续一致的差异。

  在本项研究中,论文第一作者兼通讯作者、英国牛津大学S. Berdugo和同事及合作者一起,他们分析了3882段视频素材,包含1992年—2017年间几内亚波叟的21只野生黑猩猩开坚果的观察录像(总时长超过800小时),根据5种不同的效率衡量标准,确定是否有些黑猩猩在完成这项任务时比其他黑猩猩效率更高。这5种标准包括:一次敲碎坚果的持续时间、每个坚果敲击的次数、成功率、敲击使坚果移位的次数(移位率),以及黑猩猩换工具的次数(工具更换率)。

一只成年母黑猩猩正在用石锤和砧板敲击油棕果,旁边它年幼的儿子正在看着镜头。(图片来自:Tetsuro Matsuzawa)

  论文作者研究发现,5项标准中有4项(除工具更换率)在个体水平上存在效率差异。例如,一些黑猩猩获取果壳里有营养的果仁所需的时间是其他相同年龄和性别的黑猩猩的两倍。这4个效率指标还被发现会随着年龄增长而改善,最高可至11岁。

  论文作者总结说,他们这项研究发现表明,一些黑猩猩可能拥有比其他黑猩猩更好的认知或运动能力。不过,后续还需要进一步开展纵向研究,来理解这些个体差异的原因和后果。(完)

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