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社评“城中村91AV”-知识课堂

山西古建筑10城中村91AV0问——从五代而来的镇国寺,蕴藏了多少古建密码?

来源: 华尔街见闻
2024-12-10 11:06:30

最佳回答

“城中村91AV”山西古建筑10城中村91AV0问——从五代而来的镇国寺,蕴藏了多少古建密码?

  这里城中村91AV是山西中部——平遥。五城中村91AV代,政城中村91AV权在此更迭。北汉政权无力与后周抗衡,便大兴佛教,以求得佛祖庇佑,镇国寺建于这个时期。1200年过去,镇国寺几乎没有在建筑构件上发生大的变化,以完整的姿态保留下来,堪称中国古代建筑史上的奇迹。它上承盛唐代建筑遗风,后迄宋辽金建筑先河,是研究古代建筑构件和建筑艺术的重要实物例证。

  同其他唐五代时期的建筑一样,镇国寺没有独立的山门,以可穿堂而过的天王殿兼作山门;位于前院正北门的万佛殿,是中国现存最古老的木质建筑之一,至今仍然可以看到五代时期的题记墨迹。

  万佛殿在建筑功能和结构艺术方面达到了统一。万佛殿广深各三间,面阔11.58米,进深10.78米,近正方形。单檐歇山顶,出檐深远,翼角如飞,粗实的檐柱,柱头上仅施阑额而无普拍坊,转角处阑额不出头,行制苍古,唐风犹存,外表古朴劲健。它的斗拱结构别具一格,总高达到174厘米,既保持和继承了唐代硕大雄壮的风格,使建筑轮廓秀美壮观,气势雄浑,最重要的是,它对内减少了梁架跨度的负荷,对外承托着深远翼出的屋檐,使建筑风格和结构艺术达到了和谐统一。此外,寺庙殿堂不高,但斗拱较多,其高度占柱子高度的一半。并且,殿堂内没有立柱,只有椽扶直达房屋檐外,体现了高超的建筑技艺。

  另外,镇国寺保留了除敦煌外的唯一五代时期的彩塑。主像为佛祖释迦牟尼,全身金妆,神态自如,尽显威严神圣气势;基底部左右所塑青狮、白象,造型逼真、形象生动。

  镇国寺,是中国佛教寺院中现存的三处五代建筑之一。自北汉建立以来,除日常修缮外,没有在建筑构件和建筑艺术上发生较大的变化,也就是说,它依然保留了1200年前的大致样貌。研究好这一伟大建筑,是打开古建之门的钥匙。

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