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社评“缅甸14may18_XXXXXL56”-梳理天下新闻

流感来袭,这些缅甸14may18_XXXXXL56防治要点需牢记

来源: 兵器观察
2025-01-14 15:21:00

最佳回答

“缅甸14may18_XXXXXL56”流感来袭,这些缅甸14may18_XXXXXL56防治要点需牢记

  中国缅甸14may18_XXXXXL56疾控中心监测数据显示,目缅甸14may18_XXXXXL56前,流感是引起当前医疗机构急性呼吸道感染就诊患者增加的主要疾病。不过,流感检测阳性率上升趋势已经减缓,人偏肺病毒检测阳性率处于平台波动,北方省份阳性率上升趋缓。如何有效应对流感传播,更好保护自己?

  与普通感冒相比,流感的传播速度快、感染范围广。中国国家流感中心专家介绍,流感是由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。流感病毒传染性较强,人群普遍易感。孕妇、婴幼儿、老年人、慢性病患者等高风险人群感染流感病毒后,健康危害较为严重,发生重症的风险也较高。

  北京儿童医院主任医师王荃介绍,儿童感染流感的主要表现为发热,还可能伴有肌肉痛、头痛、咳嗽、流鼻涕、咽痛等症状,且儿童更有可能出现恶心、呕吐和腹泻。有的孩子还会发生热性惊厥,这时要让孩子躺在安全、平坦的床上或地毯上,一定不要给孩子喂食,如果惊厥发作超过5分钟,需尽快送往医院。

  “确诊流感后,需尽量在48小时内使用抗流感病毒的药品。”王荃提醒,感染流感不要使用抗菌药,可以针对咳嗽、鼻塞、发烧等症状,选择缓解症状药物。

  目前抗流感病毒药物中,奥司他韦和玛巴洛沙韦两款药物由于见效快、阻断病毒传播机制明确为人们所熟知。

  据了解,两种药的作用靶点不同。“奥司他韦是神经氨酸酶抑制剂,神经氨酸酶可抑制病毒重要的蛋白活性,起到阻断病毒的效果。”河北省邯郸市人民医院院长、主任药师李楠告诉科技日报记者,玛巴洛沙韦作为前体物质进入人体后,可合成一种能直接抑制病毒内部核蛋白的物质——巴洛沙韦,从而阻止病毒复制。

  一项发表在《柳叶刀感染病学》上的研究显示,相较于奥司他韦,玛巴洛沙韦能更快地阻止病毒排毒,所需时间约48小时。“有的患者吃奥司他韦效果不明显,服用玛巴洛沙韦或将更好地缓解症状。”李楠说。

  李楠也提醒,当前有的患者可能同时感染多种病原体。想“药到病除”,最重要的是及时就医,明确病原体,然后对症用药。此外,尽管玛巴洛沙韦能抑制病毒复制,但其没有预防流感病毒感染的功能,不能替代流感疫苗。

  预防流感最有效、最经济的方式仍是接种流感疫苗。北京市通州区次渠社区卫生服务中心主任解艳涛在此前的国家卫生健康委发布会上说,接种流感疫苗可显著降低发病和发生严重并发症的风险。上海市闵行区古美社区卫生服务中心全科副主任医师刘韬建议,要尽量在呼吸道疾病高发季节来临前接种流感疫苗,一般每年入秋后就可进行接种。

  专家表示,如果错过最佳接种期,也可接种疫苗,注射2—4周后可获得保护性抗体。李楠提醒,感冒生病期间不能接种疫苗,流感彻底痊愈后应至少间隔5天再接种疫苗,一般需要停抗病毒药1周才能接种流感疫苗。(本报记者 张佳星)

  来源:科技日报

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