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社评“无尽❌触手❌3D❌女仆”-译文小记

头晕当心耳石无尽❌触手❌3D❌女仆症(名医讲堂)

来源: 新民晚报
2024-11-15 22:33:16

最佳回答

“无尽❌触手❌3D❌女仆”头晕当心耳石无尽❌触手❌3D❌女仆症(名医讲堂)

  当突无尽❌触手❌3D❌女仆然出现头晕时,多数人首先考无尽❌触手❌3D❌女仆虑是不是出现血压升高、脑卒中等。所以,头晕患者通常首选神经内科就诊。但是,除了一些中枢问题导致的头晕之外,还有一种最常见的外周性眩晕,这就是耳石症。

  耳朵有两个同等重要的功能——听觉和前庭觉。当后者出现问题,就可能导致眩晕或头晕发生。耳石症也称为“良性阵发性位置性眩晕”,是一种源于内耳的疾病,在老年人群中的发病率更高。通常在翻身、坐起或躺下时出现短暂的天旋地转症状,一般持续时间在1分钟以内。眩晕随着头位变化可以反复出现,并伴有恶心、呕吐。

  耳石是人体耳内椭圆囊斑上的碳酸钙结晶颗粒,是感受人体位置变化的结构。当各种原因使它从原位脱落而游离在内耳其他位置,就会在人体头位发生变化,出现耳石随着重力的移动,刺激内耳平衡器官和神经,从而发生眩晕。

  耳石症的病因比较复杂,有些病理机制尚不明确。它可以随着年龄的增长出现耳石的自然衰老脱落,也可以由于骨质疏松、钙代谢异常等引起耳石脱落。所以,耳石症常见于40岁以上的人群,并且随着年龄的增长发病率会进一步增加。还可能与外伤撞击、剧烈运动有关,也可能继发于各种中耳、内耳疾病,如中耳炎、梅尼埃病等。此外,由于过度疲劳、睡眠不足等,也可能使内耳微环境改变而发生耳石脱落。

  耳石症一般通过位置实验和眼震视图相结合的方法来诊断。医生会根据不同体位是否有诱发的特征性眼震来判断耳石是否脱落,以及脱落发生的具体位置,在排除其他疾病后做出诊断。

  耳石症具有自限的特点,大部分患者可以自愈,但自愈的时间长短不一,所以手法复位仍然是最简单且行之有效的首选治疗方案。确诊后,医生会根据不同的耳石异位类型,选用不同的手法进行耳石复位治疗。若同时伴有其他疾病或者复位治疗后仍有头晕不适,也可辅助药物治疗。

  (作者分别为北京医院耳鼻咽喉科主任医师、主治医师)

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